Natural Selection

Charles Darwin

When the environment gets dirtier darker moths will get eaten less often their for they will have more time making baby moths , while the white ones get eaten more so the black moths will get more common. Charles Darwin first identified this process. Natural selection is the most important cause of evolution, Charles Darwin spent his entire life obsessed with observing nature he studied barnacles, earth worms, birds, rocks, tortoises, fossils, insects, fish and his own family. The concept of fitness is central to natural selection. Natural variation occurs among the individuals of any population of organisms. Natural variation occurs among the individuals of any population of organisms. Natural selection can act on any heritable phenotype trait, and selective pressure can be produced by any aspect of the environment, including sexual selection and competition with members of the same or other species. Some people have extra fingers and toes because of natural selection. Natural selection occurs at every life stage of an individual. Though natural selection acts on individuals, the effects of chance mean that fitness can only really be defined "on average" for the individuals within a population. Darwin observed the finches beaks from the Galapagos islands, he observed over a dozen finches. each island species had different kinds of shaped beaks that were adapted to the food that were on each island if it were hard seeds the beak was thick if it was insects the beaks are skinny and sharp if it was cactus fruit the beaks are sharp. The finches increase fitness for their environment, that is their relative ability to service and create offspring. When human population gets to big we get things like the plague, famine and wars and only some of us manage to survive. Individuals don't survive; natural selection produces evolutionary change because it changes entire populations. Darwin married his cousin Emma Wedgwood, his family tree is complicated. In 1870 Darwin wrote to his neighbor parliamentarian John Lubbock requesting a question be added to England's census regarding the frequency of cousins marrying and the health of their offspring, his request was denied but the question was something that weighed heavily on Darwin's mind because he was married to Emma. Darwin studied the effects of inbreeding in plants and animals; their descendants would be weaker and sick and the same with Darwin's family. Emma and Charles had 10 children, their children were not very robust, some of their children could not have kids of their own. All of their children had lots of problems. Thanks to natural selection wolfs or now domesticated dogs that can look like a Greyhound or look like a Corgi. The peppered moth survived because their was a variation of species which was heritable and every moth that had that trait survives the most. We often find natural selection and describe how it drives evolutionary change by four different basic principals based on Darwin's observation's, the first principal is that different members of the population have all kinds of individual variations these characteristic whether their body size, hair color, blood-type, facial markings, metabolisms, reflexes are called phenotypes, the second is that many of these variations are heritable and can be past on to offspring, if a trait happens to be favorable but not heritable it does future generations no good. Third when populations can have way more offspring than resources like food and water to support many will die and the only ones that are best for the situation will be left. Natural selection is when your genotype changes. The giraffes used to have short necks but then they couldn't reach the tall leaves on the trees then their calf's necks will get longer then their calf's necks will get longer then we get the giraffes we see today now they can reach the trees so their necks stopped growing. And if you get very small babies they have a hard time defending them selves and will get really cold and die, if the baby is to big then the baby might not come out because it so big and the mother might die. If you want a hook and you cut your hand off are your children going to be born with hooks no their not. Peafowls have two ways to fight one fight two looking like you want to fight. Mutation was caused by natural selection. Charles Darwin wrote a book about natural selection. The idea of natural selection predates the understanding of genetics. Chosen by natural selection are eye color like some eye color are different like some people have blue eyes and some people have green eyes and some people have brown eyes and some people have black eyes and some people have light blue and some people have light green and some people have Chartreuse green and some people have Hazel like me and your eye color becomes darker each day a little bit darker like my dad's eyes were blue when he was born but now his eyes are every dark green any way  some people have grey eyes.